#第十二章、MySQL数据类型精讲

#1、关于属性：CHARACTER SET name

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'CHARACTER_%';

#创建数据库时指明字符集
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS dbtest12 CHARACTER SET 'utf8';

SHOW CREATE DATABASE dbtest12;

#创建表的时候，指明表的字符集
CREATE TABLE temp(
id INT
)	CHARACTER SET 'utf8';

SHOW CREATE TABLE temp;

#创建表，指明表中的字段时，可以指定字段的字符集
CREATE TABLE temp1(
id INT,
NAME VARCHAR(15) CHARACTER SET 'gbk'
);

SHOW CREATE TABLE temp1;

#2、整型数据类型
USE dbtest12;

CREATE TABLE test_int(
f1 TINYINT,
f2 SMALLINT,
f3 MEDIUMINT,
f4 INTEGER,
f5 BIGINT
);

DESC test_int;

INSERT INTO test_int(f1)
VALUES(12),(-12),(-128),(127);

SELECT * FROM test_int;

INSERT INTO test_int(f1)
VALUES(128);

CREATE TABLE test_int2(
f1 INT,
f2 INT(5),
f3 INT(5) ZEROFILL	#①显示宽度为5.当insert的值不足5位时，使用0填充
										#②当使用ZEROFILL时，自动会添加UNSIGNED
);

INSERT INTO test_int2(f1,f2)
VALUES (123,123),(123456,123456);

SELECT * FROM test_int2;

INSERT INTO test_int2(f3)
VALUES(123),(123456);

SHOW CREATE TABLE test_int2;

CREATE TABLE test_int3(
f1 INT UNSIGNED
);

DESC test_int3;

INSERT INTO test_int3
VALUES(2412321);

SELECT * FROM test_int3;

#Out of range value for column 'f1' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_int3
VALUES (4294967296);

#3、浮点类型
CREATE TABLE test_double1(
f1 FLOAT,
f2 FLOAT(5,2),
f3 DOUBLE,
f4 DOUBLE(5,2)
);

DESC test_double1;

INSERT INTO test_double1(f1,f2)
VALUES(123.45,123.45);

SELECT * FROM test_double1;

INSERT INTO test_double1(f3,f4)
VALUES(123.45,123.456);		#存在四舍五入

#Out of range value for column 'f4' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_double1(f3,f4)
VALUES(123.45,1234.456);	

#Out of range value for column 'f4' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_double1(f3,f4)
VALUES(123.45,999.995);	

#测试FLOAT和DOUBLE的精度问题
CREATE TABLE test_double2(
f1 DOUBLE
);

INSERT INTO test_double2
VALUES(0.47),(0.44),(0.19);

SELECT SUM(f1)
FROM test_double2;

SELECT SUM(f1) = 1.1,1.1 = 1.1
FROM test_double2;

#4、定点数类型
CREATE TABLE test_decimal1(
f1 DECIMAL,
f2 DECIMAL(5,2)
);

DESC test_decimal1;

INSERT INTO test_decimal1(f1)
VALUES(123),(123.45);

SELECT*FROM test_decimal1;

INSERT INTO test_decimal1(f2)
VALUES(999.99);

INSERT INTO test_decimal1(f2)
VALUES(67.567);	#存在四舍五入

#Out of range value for column 'f2' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_decimal1(f2)
VALUES(1267.567);	

#Out of range value for column 'f2' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_decimal1(f2)
VALUES(999.995);	

#测试定点数的精度（与DOUBLE对比）
CREATE TABLE test_decimal2(
f1 DECIMAL(5,2)
);

DESC test_decimal2;

INSERT INTO test_decimal2
VALUES(0.47),(0.44),(0.19);

SELECT SUM(f1)
FROM test_decimal2;

SELECT SUM(f1) = 1.1,1.1 = 1.1
FROM test_decimal2;

#5、位类型：BIT
CREATE TABLE test_bit1(
f1 BIT,
f2 BIT(5),
f3 BIT(64)
);

DESC test_bit1;

INSERT INTO test_bit1(f1)
VALUES(0),(1);

SELECT * FROM test_bit1;

#Data too long for column 'f1' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_bit1(f1)
VALUES(2);

INSERT INTO test_bit1(f2)
VALUES(31);

#Data too long for column 'f2' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_bit1(f2)
VALUES(32);

SELECT BIN(f1),BIN(f2),HEX(f1),HEX(f2)
FROM test_bit1;

#此时+0以后，可以以十进制的方式显示数据
SELECT f1 + 0,f2 + 0
FROM test_bit1;

#6、日期与时间类型
#6.1、YEAR类型
CREATE TABLE test_year(
f1 YEAR,
f2 YEAR(4)
);

DESC test_year;

INSERT INTO test_year(f1)
VALUES('2021'),(2022);

SELECT * FROM test_year;

INSERT INTO test_year(f1)
VALUES('2155');

#Out of range value for column 'f1' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_year(f1)
VALUES('2156');

INSERT INTO test_year(f1)
VALUES('69'),('70');

INSERT INTO test_year(f1)
VALUES(0),('00');

#6.2、DATE类型
CREATE TABLE test_date1(
f1 DATE 
);

DESC test_date1;

INSERT INTO test_date1
VALUES('2020-10-22'),('20201201'),(20201102);

INSERT INTO test_date1
VALUES('00-01-01'),('000101'),('69-10-01'),('691001'),('70-01-01'),('700101'),('99-01-01'),('990101');

INSERT INTO test_date1
VALUES (000301),(690301),(700301),(990301);		#存在隐式转换

INSERT INTO test_date1
VALUES (CURDATE()),(CURRENT_DATE()),(NOW());

SELECT * FROM test_date1;

#6.3、TIME类型 
CREATE TABLE test_time1(
f1 TIME
);

DESC test_time1;

INSERT INTO test_time1
VALUES ('2 12:30:29'),('12:35:29'),('12:40'),('2 12:40'),('1 05'),('45');

INSERT INTO test_time1
VALUES ('123520'),(124011),(1210);

INSERT INTO test_time1
VALUES (NOW()),(CURRENT_TIME()),(CURTIME());

SELECT * FROM test_time1;

#6.4、DATETIME类型
CREATE TABLE test_datetime1(
dt DATETIME
);

INSERT INTO test_datetime1
VALUES('2021-01-01 06:50:30'),('20210101065030');

INSERT INTO test_datetime1
VALUES('99-01-01 00:00:00'),('990101000000'),('20-01-01 00:00:00'),('200101000000');

INSERT INTO test_datetime1
VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()),(NOW()),(SYSDATE());

SELECT * FROM test_datetime1;

#6.5、TIMESTAMP类型
CREATE TABLE test_timestamp1(
ts TIMESTAMP
);

INSERT INTO test_timestamp1
VALUES('1999-01-01 03:04:50'),('19990101030405'),('99-01-01 03:04:05'),('990101030405');

INSERT INTO test_timestamp1
VALUES('2020@01@01@00@00@00'),('20@01@01@00@00@00');

INSERT INTO test_timestamp1
VALUES(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()),(NOW());

#Incorrect datetime value: '2038-01-20 03:14:07' for column 'ts' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_timestamp1
VALUES('2038-01-20 03:14:07');

SELECT * FROM test_timestamp1;

#对比DATETIME和TIMESTAMP
CREATE TABLE temp_time(
d1 DATETIME,
d2 TIMESTAMP
);

INSERT INTO temp_time
VALUES('2021-9-2 14:45:52','2021-9-2 14:45:52');

INSERT INTO temp_time
VALUES(NOW(),NOW());

SELECT * FROM temp_time;

#修改当前的时区
SET time_zone = '+9:00';

SELECT * FROM temp_time;

SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP();

#7.1、CHAR类型
CREATE TABLE test_char1(
c1 char,
c2 char(5)
);

DESC test_char1;

INSERT INTO test_char1(c1)
VALUES('a');

SELECT * FROM test_char1;

#Data too long for column 'c1' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_char1(c1)
VALUES('ab');

INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('ab');

INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('hello');

INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('你');

INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('你好');

INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('锄禾日当午');

#Data too long for column 'c2' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('小桥流水人家');

SELECT * FROM test_char1;

SELECT CONCAT(c2,'***')
FROM test_char1;

INSERT INTO test_char1(c2)
VALUES('ab  ');

SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(c2)
FROM test_char1;

#7.2、VARCHAR类型
CREATE TABLE test_varchar1(
last_name VARCHAR
);

CREATE TABLE test_varchar2(
last_name VARCHAR(65535)
);

CREATE TABLE test_varchar3(
`name` VARCHAR(5)
);

INSERT INTO test_varchar3
VALUES('尚硅谷'),('尚硅谷教育');

INSERT INTO test_varchar3
VALUES('尚硅谷IT教育');

SELECT * FROM test_varchar3;

#7.3、TEXT类型
CREATE TABLE test_text(
tx TEXT
);

INSERT INTO test_text
VALUES('atguigu   ');

SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(tx)
FROM test_text;

#8、ENUM类型
CREATE TABLE test_enum(
season ENUM('春','夏','秋','冬','unknown')
);

INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES('春'),('秋');

SELECT * FROM test_enum;

INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES('春','秋');

INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES('春,秋');

INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES('unknown');

#忽略大小写的
INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES('UNKNOWN');

#也可以使用索引进行枚举元素的调用
INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES(1),('3');

#没有限制非空的情况下，可以添加null值
INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES(NULL);

#无法添加指定范围以外的值
INSERT INTO test_enum
VALUES('家');

#9、SET类型
CREATE TABLE test_set(
s SET('A','B','C')
);

INSERT INTO test_set(s)
VALUES ('A'),('A,B');

#插入重复的SET类型成员时，MySQL会自动删除重复的成员
INSERT INTO test_set(s)
VALUES('A,B,C,A');

#向SET类型的字段插入SET成员中不存在的值时，MySQL会抛出错误
INSERT INTO test_set(s)
VALUES('A,B,C,D');

SELECT * FROM test_set;

#举例
CREATE TABLE temp_mul(
gender ENUM('男','女'),
hobby SET('吃饭','睡觉','打豆豆','写代码')
);

INSERT INTO temp_mul
VALUES('男','睡觉,打豆豆');

INSERT INTO temp_mul
VALUES('男,女','睡觉,打豆豆');

SELECT * FROM temp_mul;

#10.1、BINARY 与 VARBINARY类型
CREATE TABLE test_binary1(
f1 BINARY,
f2 BINARY(3),
#f3 VARBINARY,
f4 VARBINARY(10)
);

DESC test_binary1;

INSERT INTO test_binary1(f1,f2)
VALUES('a','abc');

SELECT * FROM test_binary1;

#Data too long for column 'f1' at row 1
INSERT INTO test_binary1(f1)
VALUES('ab');

INSERT INTO test_binary1(f2,f4)
VALUES('ab','ab');

SELECT * FROM test_binary1;

SELECT LENGTH(f2),LENGTH(f4)
FROM test_binary1;

#10.2、BLOB类型
CREATE TABLE test_blob1(
id INT,
img MEDIUMBLOB
);

INSERT INTO test_blob1(id)
VALUES(1001);

SELECT * FROM test_blob1;

#11、JSON类型
CREATE TABLE test_json(
js JSON
);

INSERT INTO test_json(js)
VALUES('{"name":"songhk","age":18,"address":{"province":"beijing","city":"beijing"}}');

SELECT * FROM test_json;

SELECT js -> '$.name' AS name , js -> '$.age' AS age , js -> '$.address.province' AS province , js -> '$.address.city' AS city
FROM test_json;